1885 – 1991 : Inheritage from British to Malayan Railway Administration, part of federal government owned and operate for intercity and freight services.
1992~ : First corporatised rail operator (KTMB) for existing services (Intercity and freight) Department of Railway was established as national Railways Regulator Body
After 1993 : Goverment approved construction of new railways system
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Year Start Operation-System- Operator
1995 KTM Commuter (Heavy Rail for Passenger) KTMB
1998 LRT1 (Star) KL Urban transit RapidKL
1998 Track Transit System for KLIA MAB
1999 LRT2 (Putra) Urban transit RapidKL
1999 Sunway Monorail (Area transit) Bandar Sunway
2002 ERL Hi-Speed Rail KL-KLIA ERLSB
2003 Monorail KL (Urban transit) KL STAR RAIL
2003 Kuantan Kerteh Railway MILSB
Showing posts with label Public Transport Developement. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Public Transport Developement. Show all posts
Monday, August 3, 2009
Monday, July 20, 2009
Malayan Railway History
First Malaya Railway line Taiping- Port Weld
1885 : The first Malaysia’s railway line with distance of 12.8 km is built from Taiping to Port Weld (now known as Kuala Sepetang) during British colonial era to serve main mining area in Larut. Construction of the railway began in 1884 and was completed in 1885. Service began on 1 February 1885, lasting until 1941.
Federated Malay States Railway (FMSR)
1896 : The British created Federated Malay States Railway (FMSR), to jointly managed the initial four major lines built : Taiping – Port Weld , KL – Klang, Port Swettenham extension line, Seremban–Port Dickson line.
1918 : The Government of the Federated Malay States bought over the properties and estates previously under the Singapore Railway for $4,136,000. The assets were renamed under the Federated Malay States Railway (FMSR).
Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Malayan Railway Administration)
1948 : Malayan Railway Ordinance 1948 was passed by Malayan Union as its Ordinance No.8 of 1948 and came into effect on 31 Jan 1948. Malayan Railway Administration were created under The Malayan Railway Ordinance 1948 to manage railways previously managed by the states under FMS Railway. Malayan Railway Administration was later renamed as Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM).
Corporatization of Keretapi Tanah Melayu to become Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad
21 Sep 1991 : Railway Act 1991 was tabled and approved by Parliament.
1 Aug 1992 : Dept of Railway (DOR) & Railway Asset Corporation (RAC) was formed under the Railway Act 1991. KTM was corporatized (fully owned by Gov) and was renamed as Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). KTMB serves as solely operator of KTM Railways. RAC hold as asset owner of railway including infrastructure, land, rolling stock, and facilities in KTM railways. DOR is railway regulatory body.
First Electrified Train Commuter Services
1993 : Gov approved the construction of new electrified railway system for KTM Commuter Services.
1994 : The first electrified train system known as Electrified Multiple Unit (EMU) is bought on 1994. 18 set EMU class 81 was bought from manufacturer Janbacher Transport, Austria /Hungary . The Gov awarded the contract to build KL Sentral integrated railway station to a concession company KL Semasa Sentral Sdn Bhd consist of MRCB group in consortium with KTMB.
3 Aug 1995: KTMB start operation of its communter train service with two line Sentul – Port Klang and Rawang - Seremban.
Privatization of KTMB
Aug 1997 : KTMB was managed under Consortium Marak Unggul Sdn Bhd which consists of Renong (50 per cent equity), DRB-Hicom Group (25 per cent), Bolton Properties Bhd (20 per cent) and Jasa Meta Sdn Bhd (5 per cent) prior to materialized KTMB privatization.
1997: Gov approved KTMB to buy 22 set of EMU class 82 from manufacturer Union Carriage & Wagon, South Africa and another 22 set of EMU class 83 from Hyundai ROTEM, South Korea. KTMB had total of 62 set EMUs for commuter services.
Cancel of privatization of KTMB
2001: Gov decided to put privatization of KTMB on-hold as it was not financially viable. KTMB suffered considerable amount of money losses for commuter and long distance passenger services. Only the freight train service was profitable. Renong group pull back its interest to take over KTMB.
2002: KTMB was put back under internal management.
Strengthening Freight Train Services
2003: Gov approved KTMB to buy 20 nos of German-made Blue Tiger Class 26 locomotives from manufacturer General Electric, Germany
2005: Gov approved KTMB to buy 20 nos of China-made Dalian Class 29 locomotives from China Railway Communication Company Ltd ,China
Public Demand Improvement in Commuter Services
2009: Survey reported that KTMB only left 35 set EMUs can be used for operation. 15 set EMUs will undergo repair work. 4 set involved in catastrophic accidents and the rest cannot be repaired because of technical constraint. MKRC was appointed to repair all available set of EMUs by 2010.
1885 : The first Malaysia’s railway line with distance of 12.8 km is built from Taiping to Port Weld (now known as Kuala Sepetang) during British colonial era to serve main mining area in Larut. Construction of the railway began in 1884 and was completed in 1885. Service began on 1 February 1885, lasting until 1941.
Federated Malay States Railway (FMSR)
1896 : The British created Federated Malay States Railway (FMSR), to jointly managed the initial four major lines built : Taiping – Port Weld , KL – Klang, Port Swettenham extension line, Seremban–Port Dickson line.
1918 : The Government of the Federated Malay States bought over the properties and estates previously under the Singapore Railway for $4,136,000. The assets were renamed under the Federated Malay States Railway (FMSR).
Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Malayan Railway Administration)
1948 : Malayan Railway Ordinance 1948 was passed by Malayan Union as its Ordinance No.8 of 1948 and came into effect on 31 Jan 1948. Malayan Railway Administration were created under The Malayan Railway Ordinance 1948 to manage railways previously managed by the states under FMS Railway. Malayan Railway Administration was later renamed as Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM).
Corporatization of Keretapi Tanah Melayu to become Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad
21 Sep 1991 : Railway Act 1991 was tabled and approved by Parliament.
1 Aug 1992 : Dept of Railway (DOR) & Railway Asset Corporation (RAC) was formed under the Railway Act 1991. KTM was corporatized (fully owned by Gov) and was renamed as Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). KTMB serves as solely operator of KTM Railways. RAC hold as asset owner of railway including infrastructure, land, rolling stock, and facilities in KTM railways. DOR is railway regulatory body.
First Electrified Train Commuter Services
1993 : Gov approved the construction of new electrified railway system for KTM Commuter Services.
1994 : The first electrified train system known as Electrified Multiple Unit (EMU) is bought on 1994. 18 set EMU class 81 was bought from manufacturer Janbacher Transport, Austria /Hungary . The Gov awarded the contract to build KL Sentral integrated railway station to a concession company KL Semasa Sentral Sdn Bhd consist of MRCB group in consortium with KTMB.
3 Aug 1995: KTMB start operation of its communter train service with two line Sentul – Port Klang and Rawang - Seremban.
Privatization of KTMB
Aug 1997 : KTMB was managed under Consortium Marak Unggul Sdn Bhd which consists of Renong (50 per cent equity), DRB-Hicom Group (25 per cent), Bolton Properties Bhd (20 per cent) and Jasa Meta Sdn Bhd (5 per cent) prior to materialized KTMB privatization.
1997: Gov approved KTMB to buy 22 set of EMU class 82 from manufacturer Union Carriage & Wagon, South Africa and another 22 set of EMU class 83 from Hyundai ROTEM, South Korea. KTMB had total of 62 set EMUs for commuter services.
Cancel of privatization of KTMB
2001: Gov decided to put privatization of KTMB on-hold as it was not financially viable. KTMB suffered considerable amount of money losses for commuter and long distance passenger services. Only the freight train service was profitable. Renong group pull back its interest to take over KTMB.
2002: KTMB was put back under internal management.
Strengthening Freight Train Services
2003: Gov approved KTMB to buy 20 nos of German-made Blue Tiger Class 26 locomotives from manufacturer General Electric, Germany
2005: Gov approved KTMB to buy 20 nos of China-made Dalian Class 29 locomotives from China Railway Communication Company Ltd ,China
Public Demand Improvement in Commuter Services
2009: Survey reported that KTMB only left 35 set EMUs can be used for operation. 15 set EMUs will undergo repair work. 4 set involved in catastrophic accidents and the rest cannot be repaired because of technical constraint. MKRC was appointed to repair all available set of EMUs by 2010.
Friday, July 17, 2009
Railway and Commercial Developement Should be Supporting Each Other To Be More Viable
There are many cities facing serious traffic problems like KL, including JB and Penang. Many traffic study has been conducted previously recommended the solution to build rail transit line as the backbone of the public transport connectivity to solve the traffic problem. Who will make it happened? State government or federal government? Can it be private initiatives (PFI)?
Looking at Melaka on going masterplan to develop their city. The state government under the leadership of chief minister (TS Ali Rustam) is doing very well to ensure the city planner take consideration the need for efficient public transport network, to ensure the cities major attraction area is well connected with the future monorail network (Aerorail Melaka).
The decision to build Aerorail Melaka was very wise and far sighted by the chief minister of Melaka. Rather than waiting allocation from FedGov to build railway there, the state government has opted to find other source of funding (state enterprise jointly develop the rail project, hotels and business center with private company).
Of course the private company will first evaluate the risk and project viability before making a deal to sign agreement with the government. The private company need to consider many aspect, not only the return of investment, the interest from the bank, future operating and maintainance cost, forecast revenue from the fare or any revenue support from state government to support the viability of the project $$$. The developer will definitely need huge amount of loan from the bank, but its not easy to convince bank to finance hundred millions project unless the project is really viable. But reality is nowhere in the world that railway operator can make profit just depending from their ticket sales. The usage of rail is mainly during peak period when people going to work or going back home. During other time, the ridership is quite low at most of the station,probably a bit higher at those station situated near to tourist/commercial area.
Knowing that Japanese Railways has been very famous for their punctuality and service quality, I have further study the article related to Japanese Railway to understand how the railway company run their business to keep their operation so efficient. I found out that JR group run operation of trains but they also involve in commercial and developement surrounding the station. JR gain profit from their commercial business, and use the profit to support on the railways maintanance, spare part, and continuous improvement the technologies and infrastructure required to make the railway station more convenient and well connected to surrounding area.
This can be a good reference for Malaysia while we continue develop railway needed to solve the traffic problem in the cities. Following how Japanese Railways did, the development of railway must include the opportunity to tap the benefits from commercial development along the railways line to support the expenses required to run the railway operation efficiently, as well as continuous improvement on the technology and its infrastructure. The railway company can only able to make their repayment for the Capex if there is mechanism to allow them to benefit from the commercial activity surrounding the railway as well as proper study to identify the routes with high ridership demand especially at tourist and commercial area.
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